What is de novo meaning?

De novo is a Latin term that means "from the beginning" or "anew". In genetics, de novo mutations refer to genetic changes or variations which have not been inherited from either parent but are found in an individual's genetic material. Such mutations can arise spontaneously during cell division or as a result of exposure to environmental factors. De novo mutations can affect specific genes or whole chromosomes, and may lead to genetic disorders or inherited diseases. In legal terms, a de novo trial refers to a retrial or new trial of a case, where the evidence is re-examined from scratch, without regard to the earlier trial verdict or proceedings.